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http.cpp

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    http.cpp 31.61 KiB
    /*
     *  Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Savoir-faire Linux Inc.
     *  Author: Vsevolod Ivanov <vsevolod.ivanov@savoirfairelinux.com>
     *
     *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
     *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
     *  (at your option) any later version.
     *
     *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     *  GNU General Public License for more details.
     *
     *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     *  along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
     */
    
    #include "http.h"
    #include "log_enable.h"
    #include "crypto.h"
    #include "base64.h"
    
    #include <asio.hpp>
    #include <restinio/impl/tls_socket.hpp>
    #include <http_parser.h>
    
    namespace dht {
    namespace http {
    
    constexpr char HTTP_HEADER_CONNECTION[] = "Connection";
    constexpr char HTTP_HEADER_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE[] = "keep-alive";
    constexpr char HTTP_HEADER_CONTENT_LENGTH[] = "Content-Length";
    constexpr char HTTP_HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE[] = "Content-Type";
    constexpr char HTTP_HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE_JSON[] = "application/json";
    constexpr char HTTP_HEADER_DELIM[] = "\r\n\r\n";
    constexpr char JSON_VALUE_DELIM[] = "\n";
    
    Url::Url(const std::string& url): url(url)
    {
        size_t addr_begin = 0;
        // protocol
        const size_t proto_end = url.find("://");
        if (proto_end != std::string::npos){
            addr_begin = proto_end + 3;
            if (url.substr(0, proto_end) == "https"){
                protocol = "https";
                service = protocol;
            }
        }
        // host and service
        size_t addr_size = url.substr(addr_begin).find("/");
        if (addr_size == std::string::npos)
            addr_size = url.size() - addr_begin;
        auto host_service = splitPort(url.substr(addr_begin, addr_size));
        host = host_service.first;
        if (!host_service.second.empty())
            service = host_service.second;
        // target, query fragment
        size_t query_begin = url.find("?");
        auto addr_end = addr_begin + addr_size;
        if (addr_end < url.size()){
            if (query_begin == std::string::npos)
                target = url.substr(addr_end);
            else
                target = url.substr(addr_end, query_begin - addr_end);
        }
        size_t fragment_begin = url.find("#");
        if (fragment_begin == std::string::npos)
            query = url.substr(query_begin + 1);
        else{
            query = url.substr(query_begin + 1, fragment_begin - query_begin - 1);
            fragment = url.substr(fragment_begin);
        }
    }
    
    // connection
    
    unsigned int Connection::ids_ = 1;
    
    Connection::Connection(asio::io_context& ctx, const bool ssl, std::shared_ptr<dht::Logger> l)
        : id_(Connection::ids_++), ctx_(ctx), logger_(l)
    {
        if (ssl){
            ssl_ctx_ = std::make_shared<asio::ssl::context>(asio::ssl::context::sslv23);
            ssl_ctx_->set_default_verify_paths();
            ssl_ctx_->set_verify_mode(asio::ssl::verify_none);
            ssl_socket_ = std::make_unique<ssl_socket_t>(ctx_, ssl_ctx_);
            if (logger_)
                logger_->d("[http:client]  [connection:%i] start https session", id_);
        }
        else {
            socket_ = std::make_unique<socket_t>(ctx);
            if (logger_)
                logger_->d("[http:client]  [connection:%i] start http session", id_);
        }
    }
    
    Connection::Connection(asio::io_context& ctx, std::shared_ptr<dht::crypto::Certificate> certificate,
                           std::shared_ptr<dht::Logger> l)
        : id_(Connection::ids_++), ctx_(ctx), logger_(l)
    {
        ssl_ctx_ = std::make_shared<asio::ssl::context>(asio::ssl::context::sslv23);
        ssl_ctx_->set_default_verify_paths();
    
        asio::error_code ec;
        auto cert = certificate->toString(false/*chain*/);
        certificate_ = std::make_unique<asio::const_buffer>(static_cast<const void*>(cert.data()),
                                                           (std::size_t) cert.size());
        ssl_ctx_->use_certificate(*certificate_, asio::ssl::context::file_format::pem, ec);
        if (ec)
            throw std::runtime_error("Error setting certificate: " + ec.message());
        else if (logger_)
            logger_->d("[http:client]  [connection:%i] start https session with %s", id_, certificate->getUID().c_str());
    
        ssl_ctx_->set_verify_mode(asio::ssl::verify_peer | asio::ssl::verify_fail_if_no_peer_cert);
        ssl_socket_ = std::make_unique<ssl_socket_t>(ctx_, ssl_ctx_);
    }
    
    Connection::~Connection()
    {
        close();
    }
    
    void
    Connection::close()
    {
        if (!is_open())
            return;
        asio::error_code ec;
        if (ssl_ctx_)
            ssl_socket_->close(ec);
        else
            socket_->close(ec);
        if (ec and logger_)
            logger_->e("[http:client]  [connection:%i] error closing: %s", id_, ec.message().c_str());
    }
    
    unsigned int
    Connection::id()
    {
        return id_;
    }
    
    bool
    Connection::is_open()
    {
        if (ssl_ctx_)
            return ssl_socket_->is_open();
        else
            return socket_->is_open();
    }
    
    bool
    Connection::is_v6()
    {
        return endpoint_.address().is_v6();
    }
    
    bool
    Connection::is_ssl()
    {
        return ssl_ctx_ ? true : false;
    }
    
    void
    Connection::set_endpoint(const asio::ip::tcp::endpoint& endpoint, const asio::ssl::verify_mode verify_mode)
    {
        endpoint_ = endpoint;
        if (ssl_ctx_ and verify_mode != asio::ssl::verify_none){
            auto hostname = endpoint_.address().to_string();
            ssl_socket_->asio_ssl_stream().set_verify_mode(verify_mode);
            ssl_socket_->asio_ssl_stream().set_verify_callback(
                [this, hostname](bool preverified, asio::ssl::verify_context& ctx) -> bool {
                    auto verifier = asio::ssl::rfc2818_verification(hostname);
                    bool verified = verifier(preverified, ctx);
                    auto verify_ec = X509_STORE_CTX_get_error(ctx.native_handle());
                    if (verify_ec == X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT /*18*/
                        || verify_ec == X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN /*19*/)
                        verified = true;
                    return verified;
                }
            );
            if (logger_)
                logger_->d("[http:client]  [connection:%i] verify %s compliance to RFC 2818", id_, hostname.c_str());
        }
    }
    
    asio::streambuf&
    Connection::input()
    {
        return write_buf_;
    }
    
    asio::streambuf&
    Connection::data()
    {
        return read_buf_;
    }
    
    std::string
    Connection::read_bytes(const size_t bytes)
    {
        std::ostringstream str_s;
        str_s << &read_buf_;
        return str_s.str().substr(0, bytes);
    }
    
    std::string
    Connection::read_until(const char delim)
    {
        std::string content;
        std::istream is(&read_buf_);
        std::getline(is, content, delim);
        return content;
    }
    
    void
    Connection::async_connect(std::vector<asio::ip::tcp::endpoint>&& endpoints, ConnectHandlerCb cb)
    {
        if (ssl_ctx_)
            asio::async_connect(ssl_socket_->lowest_layer(), std::move(endpoints), cb);
        else
            asio::async_connect(*socket_, std::move(endpoints), cb);
    }
    
    void
    Connection::async_handshake(HandlerCb cb)
    {
        if (ssl_ctx_)
            ssl_socket_->async_handshake(asio::ssl::stream<asio::ip::tcp::socket>::client,
                                        [this, cb](const asio::error_code& ec)
            {
                if (ec == asio::error::operation_aborted)
                    return;
                auto verify_ec = SSL_get_verify_result(ssl_socket_->asio_ssl_stream().native_handle());
                if (logger_){
                    if (verify_ec == X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT /*18*/
                        || verify_ec == X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN /*19*/)
                        logger_->d("[http:client]  [connection:%i] allow self-signed certificate in handshake", id_);
                    else if (verify_ec != X509_V_OK)
                        logger_->e("[http:client]  [connection:%i] verify handshake error: %i", id_, verify_ec);
                }
                if (cb)
                    cb(ec);
            });
        else if (socket_)
            cb(asio::error::no_protocol_option);
    }
    
    void
    Connection::async_write(BytesHandlerCb cb)
    {
        if (!is_open())
            return;
        if (ssl_ctx_)
            asio::async_write(*ssl_socket_, write_buf_, cb);
        else
            asio::async_write(*socket_, write_buf_, cb);
    }
    
    void
    Connection::async_read_until(const char* delim, BytesHandlerCb cb)
    {
        if (!is_open())
            return;
        if (ssl_ctx_)
            asio::async_read_until(*ssl_socket_, read_buf_, delim, cb);
        else
            asio::async_read_until(*socket_, read_buf_, delim, cb);
    }
    
    void
    Connection::async_read(const size_t bytes, BytesHandlerCb cb)
    {
        if (!is_open())
            return;
        if (ssl_socket_)
            asio::async_read(*ssl_socket_, read_buf_, asio::transfer_exactly(bytes), cb);
        else
            asio::async_read(*socket_, read_buf_, asio::transfer_exactly(bytes), cb);
    }
    
    void
    Connection::timeout(const std::chrono::seconds timeout, HandlerCb cb)
    {
        if (!is_open()){
            if (logger_)
                logger_->e("[http:client]  [connection:%i] closed, can't timeout", id_);
            return;
        }
        if (!timeout_timer_)
            timeout_timer_ = std::make_unique<asio::steady_timer>(ctx_);
        timeout_timer_->expires_at(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + timeout);
        timeout_timer_->async_wait([this, cb](const asio::error_code &ec){
            if (ec == asio::error::operation_aborted)
                return;
            else if (ec){
                if (logger_)
                    logger_->e("[http:client]  [connection:%i] timeout error: %s", id_, ec.message().c_str());
            }
            if (cb)
                cb(ec);
        });
    }
    
    // Resolver
    
    Resolver::Resolver(asio::io_context& ctx, const std::string& url, std::shared_ptr<dht::Logger> logger)
        : url_(url), resolver_(ctx), destroyed_(std::make_shared<bool>(false)), logger_(logger)
    {
        resolve(url_.host, url_.service);
    }
    
    Resolver::Resolver(asio::io_context& ctx, const std::string& host, const std::string& service,
                       const bool ssl, std::shared_ptr<dht::Logger> logger)
        : resolver_(ctx), destroyed_(std::make_shared<bool>(false)), logger_(logger)
    {
        url_.host = host;
        url_.service = service;
        url_.protocol = (ssl ? "https" : "http");
        resolve(url_.host, url_.service);
    }
    
    Resolver::Resolver(asio::io_context& ctx, std::vector<asio::ip::tcp::endpoint> endpoints, const bool ssl,
                       std::shared_ptr<dht::Logger> logger)
        : resolver_(ctx), destroyed_(std::make_shared<bool>(false)), logger_(logger)
    {
        url_.protocol = (ssl ? "https" : "http");
        endpoints_ = std::move(endpoints);
        completed_ = true;
    }
    
    Resolver::~Resolver()
    {
        decltype(cbs_) cbs;
        {
            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
            cbs = std::move(cbs_);
        }
        while (not cbs.empty()){
            auto cb = cbs.front();
            if (cb)
                cb(asio::error::operation_aborted, {});
            cbs.pop();
        }
        *destroyed_ = true;
    }
    
    void
    Resolver::add_callback(ResolverCb cb)
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
        if (!completed_)
            cbs_.emplace(std::move(cb));
        else
            cb(ec_, endpoints_);
    }
    
    void
    Resolver::resolve(const std::string& host, const std::string& service)
    {
        asio::ip::tcp::resolver::query query_(host, service);
    
        resolver_.async_resolve(query_, [this, host, service, destroyed = destroyed_]
            (const asio::error_code& ec, asio::ip::tcp::resolver::results_type endpoints)
        {
            if (ec == asio::error::operation_aborted or *destroyed)
                return;
            if (logger_){
                if (ec)
                    logger_->e("[http:client] [resolver] error for %s:%s: %s",
                               host.c_str(), service.c_str(), ec.message().c_str());
                else {
                    for (auto it = endpoints.begin(); it != endpoints.end(); ++it){
                        asio::ip::tcp::endpoint endpoint = *it;
                        logger_->d("[http:client] [resolver] %s:%s endpoint (ipv%i): %s",
                            host.c_str(), service.c_str(), endpoint.address().is_v6() ? 6 : 4,
                            endpoint.address().to_string().c_str());
                    }
                }
            }
            decltype(cbs_) cbs;
            {
                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
                ec_ = ec;
                endpoints_ = std::vector<asio::ip::tcp::endpoint>{endpoints.begin(), endpoints.end()};
                completed_ = true;
                cbs = std::move(cbs_);
            }
            while (not cbs.empty()){
                auto cb = cbs.front();
                if (cb)
                    cb(ec, endpoints_);
                cbs.pop();
            }
        });
    }
    
    // Request
    
    unsigned int Request::ids_ = 1;
    
    
    Request::Request(asio::io_context& ctx, const std::string& url, const Json::Value& json, OnJsonCb jsoncb,
                     std::shared_ptr<dht::Logger> logger)
        : id_(Request::ids_++), ctx_(ctx), logger_(logger)
    {
        cbs_ = std::make_unique<Callbacks>();
        resolver_ = std::make_shared<Resolver>(ctx, url, logger_);
    
        set_header_field(restinio::http_field_t::host, get_url().host + ":" + get_url().service);
        set_target(resolver_->get_url().target);
        set_header_field(restinio::http_field_t::content_type, "application/json");
        set_header_field(restinio::http_field_t::accept, "application/json");
        Json::StreamWriterBuilder wbuilder;
        set_body(Json::writeString(wbuilder, json));
    
        add_on_state_change_callback([this, jsoncb](State state, const Response& response){
            if (state != Request::State::DONE)
                return;
            Json::Value json;
            std::string err;
            Json::CharReaderBuilder rbuilder;
            auto reader = std::unique_ptr<Json::CharReader>(rbuilder.newCharReader());
            if (!reader->parse(response.body.data(), response.body.data() + response.body.size(), &json, &err) and logger_)
                logger_->e("[http:client]  [request:%i] can't parse response to json", id_, err.c_str());
            if (jsoncb)
                jsoncb(json, response.status_code);
        });
    }
    
    Request::Request(asio::io_context& ctx, const std::string& url, std::shared_ptr<dht::Logger> logger)
        : id_(Request::ids_++), ctx_(ctx), logger_(logger)
    {
        cbs_ = std::make_unique<Callbacks>();
        resolver_ = std::make_shared<Resolver>(ctx, url, logger_);
    
        set_header_field(restinio::http_field_t::host, get_url().host + ":" + get_url().service);
        set_target(resolver_->get_url().target);
    }
    
    Request::Request(asio::io_context& ctx, const std::string& host, const std::string& service,
                     const bool ssl, std::shared_ptr<dht::Logger> logger)
        : id_(Request::ids_++), ctx_(ctx), logger_(logger)
    {
        cbs_ = std::make_unique<Callbacks>();
        resolver_ = std::make_shared<Resolver>(ctx, host, service, ssl, logger_);
        set_target(resolver_->get_url().target);
    }
    
    Request::Request(asio::io_context& ctx, std::shared_ptr<Resolver> resolver, std::shared_ptr<dht::Logger> logger)
        : id_(Request::ids_++), ctx_(ctx), logger_(logger)
    {
        cbs_ = std::make_unique<Callbacks>();
        resolver_ = resolver;
        set_target(resolver_->get_url().target);
    }
    
    Request::Request(asio::io_context& ctx, std::vector<asio::ip::tcp::endpoint>&& endpoints, const bool ssl,
                     std::shared_ptr<dht::Logger> logger)
        : id_(Request::ids_++), ctx_(ctx), logger_(logger)
    {
        cbs_ = std::make_unique<Callbacks>();
        resolver_ = std::make_shared<Resolver>(ctx, std::move(endpoints), ssl, logger_);
        set_target(resolver_->get_url().target);
    }
    
    Request::~Request()
    {
    }
    
    void
    Request::cancel()
    {
        conn_->close();
    }
    
    unsigned int
    Request::id() const
    {
        return id_;
    }
    
    void
    Request::set_connection(std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection)
    {
        conn_ = connection;
    }
    
    std::shared_ptr<Connection>
    Request::get_connection() const
    {
        return conn_;
    }
    
    void
    Request::set_certificate(std::shared_ptr<dht::crypto::Certificate> certificate)
    {
        certificate_ = certificate;
    }
    
    void
    Request::set_logger(std::shared_ptr<dht::Logger> logger)
    {
        logger_ = logger;
    }
    
    void
    Request::set_header(restinio::http_request_header_t header)
    {
        header_ = header;
    }
    
    void
    Request::set_method(restinio::http_method_id_t method)
    {
        header_.method(method);
    }
    
    void
    Request::set_target(std::string target)
    {
        header_.request_target(std::move(target));
    }
    
    void
    Request::set_header_field(restinio::http_field_t field, std::string value)
    {
        headers_[field] = std::move(value);
    }
    
    void
    Request::set_connection_type(restinio::http_connection_header_t connection)
    {
        connection_type_ = connection;
    }
    
    void
    Request::set_body(std::string body)
    {
        body_ = std::move(body);
    }
    
    void
    Request::set_auth(const std::string& username, const std::string& password)
    {
        std::vector<uint8_t> creds;
        creds.reserve(username.size() + password.size() + 1);
        creds.insert(creds.end(), username.begin(), username.end());
        creds.emplace_back(':');
        creds.insert(creds.end(), password.begin(), password.end());
        set_header_field(restinio::http_field_t::authorization, "Basic " + base64_encode(creds));
    }
    
    void
    Request::build()
    {
        std::stringstream request;
        bool append_body = true;
    
        // first header
        request << header_.method().c_str() << " " << header_.request_target() << " " <<
                   "HTTP/" << header_.http_major() << "." << header_.http_minor() << "\r\n";
    
        // other headers
        for (auto header: headers_){
            request << restinio::field_to_string(header.first) << ": " << header.second << "\r\n";
            if (header.first == restinio::http_field_t::expect and header.second == "100-continue")
                append_body = false;
        }
    
        // last connection header
        std::string conn_str = "";
        switch (connection_type_){
        case restinio::http_connection_header_t::upgrade:
            throw std::invalid_argument("upgrade");
            break;
        case restinio::http_connection_header_t::keep_alive:
            conn_str = "keep-alive";
            break;
        case restinio::http_connection_header_t::close:
            conn_str = "close";
            connection_type_ = restinio::http_connection_header_t::close;
        }
        if (!conn_str.empty())
            request << "Connection: " << conn_str << "\r\n";
    
        // body & content-length
        if (!body_.empty())
            request << "Content-Length: " << body_.size() << "\r\n\r\n";
        // last delim
        if (append_body)
            request << body_ << "\r\n";
        request_ = request.str();
    }
    
    void
    Request::add_on_status_callback(OnStatusCb cb)
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cbs_mutex_);
        cbs_->on_status = std::move(cb);
    }
    
    void
    Request::add_on_body_callback(OnDataCb cb)
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cbs_mutex_);
        cbs_->on_body = std::move(cb);
    }
    
    void
    Request::add_on_state_change_callback(OnStateChangeCb cb)
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cbs_mutex_);
        cbs_->on_state_change = std::move(cb);
    }
    
    void
    Request::notify_state_change(const State state)
    {
        state_ = state;
        if (cbs_ and cbs_->on_state_change)
            cbs_->on_state_change(state, response_);
    }
    
    void
    Request::init_parser()
    {
        if (!parser_)
            parser_ = std::make_unique<http_parser>();
        http_parser_init(parser_.get(), HTTP_RESPONSE);
        parser_->data = static_cast<void*>(cbs_.get());
    
        if (!parser_s_)
            parser_s_ = std::make_unique<http_parser_settings>();
        http_parser_settings_init(parser_s_.get());
        {
            // user registered callbacks wrappers to store its data in the response
            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cbs_mutex_);
            auto on_status_cb = cbs_->on_status;
            cbs_->on_status = [this, on_status_cb](unsigned int status_code){
                response_.status_code = status_code;
                if (on_status_cb)
                    on_status_cb(status_code);
            };
            auto header_field = std::make_shared<std::string>("");
            auto on_header_field_cb = cbs_->on_header_field;
            cbs_->on_header_field = [header_field, on_header_field_cb](const char* at, size_t length) {
                header_field->erase();
                auto field = std::string(at, length);
                header_field->append(field);
                if (on_header_field_cb)
                    on_header_field_cb(at, length);
            };
            auto on_header_value_cb = cbs_->on_header_value;
            cbs_->on_header_value = [this, header_field, on_header_value_cb](const char* at, size_t length) {
                response_.headers[*header_field] = std::string(at, length);
                if (on_header_value_cb)
                    on_header_value_cb(at, length);
            };
            cbs_->on_headers_complete = [this](){
                notify_state_change(State::HEADER_RECEIVED);
            };
            auto on_body_cb = cbs_->on_body;
            cbs_->on_body = [on_body_cb](const char* at, size_t length) {
                if (on_body_cb)
                    on_body_cb(at, length);
            };
            cbs_->on_message_complete = [this](){
                if (logger_)
                    logger_->d("[http:client]  [request:%i] response: message complete", id_);
                message_complete_.store(true);
            };
        }
        // http_parser raw c callback (note: no context can be passed into them)
        parser_s_->on_status = [](http_parser* parser, const char* /*at*/, size_t /*length*/) -> int {
            auto cbs = static_cast<Callbacks*>(parser->data);
            if (cbs->on_status)
                cbs->on_status(parser->status_code);
            return 0;
        };
        parser_s_->on_header_field = [](http_parser* parser, const char* at, size_t length) -> int {
            auto cbs = static_cast<Callbacks*>(parser->data);
            if (cbs->on_header_field)
                cbs->on_header_field(at, length);
            return 0;
        };
        parser_s_->on_header_value = [](http_parser* parser, const char* at, size_t length) -> int {
            auto cbs = static_cast<Callbacks*>(parser->data);
            if (cbs->on_header_value)
                cbs->on_header_value(at, length);
            return 0;
        };
        parser_s_->on_body = [](http_parser* parser, const char* at, size_t length) -> int {
            auto cbs = static_cast<Callbacks*>(parser->data);
            if (cbs->on_body)
                cbs->on_body(at, length);
            return 0;
        };
        parser_s_->on_headers_complete = [](http_parser* parser) -> int {
            auto cbs = static_cast<Callbacks*>(parser->data);
            if (cbs->on_headers_complete)
                cbs->on_headers_complete();
            return 0;
        };
        parser_s_->on_message_complete = [](http_parser* parser) -> int {
            auto cbs = static_cast<Callbacks*>(parser->data);
            if (cbs->on_message_complete)
                cbs->on_message_complete();
            return 0;
        };
    }
    
    void
    Request::connect(std::vector<asio::ip::tcp::endpoint>&& endpoints, HandlerCb cb)
    {
        if (endpoints.empty()){
            if (logger_)
                logger_->e("[http:client]  [request:%i] connect: no endpoints provided", id_);
            if (cb)
                cb(asio::error::connection_aborted);
            return;
        }
        if (logger_){
            std::string eps = "";
            for (auto& endpoint : endpoints)
                eps.append(endpoint.address().to_string() + " ");
            logger_->d("[http:client]  [request:%i] connect begin: %s", id_, eps.c_str());
        }
        if (get_url().protocol == "https"){
            if (certificate_)
                conn_ = std::make_shared<Connection>(ctx_, certificate_, logger_);
            else
                conn_ = std::make_shared<Connection>(ctx_, true/*ssl*/, logger_);
        }
        else
            conn_ = std::make_shared<Connection>(ctx_, false/*ssl*/, logger_);
    
        // try to connect to any until one works
        conn_->async_connect(std::move(endpoints), [this, cb]
                            (const asio::error_code& ec, const asio::ip::tcp::endpoint& endpoint){
            if (ec == asio::error::operation_aborted){
                terminate(ec);
                return;
            }
            else if (ec and logger_)
                logger_->e("[http:client]  [request:%i] connect: failed with all endpoints", id_);
            else {
                if (logger_)
                    logger_->d("[http:client]  [request:%i] connect success", id_);
    
                if (get_url().protocol == "https"){
                    if (certificate_)
                        conn_->set_endpoint(endpoint, asio::ssl::verify_peer
                                                      | asio::ssl::verify_fail_if_no_peer_cert);
    
                    if (conn_ and conn_->is_open() and conn_->is_ssl()){
                        conn_->async_handshake([this, cb](const asio::error_code& ec){
                            if (ec == asio::error::operation_aborted)
                                return;
                            if (ec and logger_)
                                logger_->e("[http:client]  [request:%i] handshake error: %s", id_, ec.message().c_str());
                            else if (logger_)
                                logger_->d("[http:client]  [request:%i] handshake success", id_);
                            if (cb)
                                cb(ec);
                        });
                    }
                    else if (cb)
                        cb(asio::error::operation_aborted);
                    return;
                }
                else
                    conn_->set_endpoint(endpoint, asio::ssl::verify_none);
            }
            if (cb)
                cb(ec);
        });
    }
    
    void
    Request::send()
    {
        notify_state_change(State::CREATED);
    
        resolver_->add_callback([this](const asio::error_code& ec,
                                       std::vector<asio::ip::tcp::endpoint> endpoints){
            if (ec){
                if (logger_)
                    logger_->e("[http:client]  [request:%i] resolve error: %s", id_, ec.message().c_str());
                terminate(asio::error::connection_aborted);
            }
            else if (!conn_ or !conn_->is_open()){
                connect(std::move(endpoints), [this](const asio::error_code &ec){
                    if (ec)
                        terminate(asio::error::not_connected);
                    else
                        post();
                });
            }
            else
                post();
        });
    }
    
    void
    Request::post()
    {
        if (!conn_ or !conn_->is_open()){
            terminate(asio::error::not_connected);
            return;
        }
        build();
        init_parser();
    
        if (logger_){
            std::string header; std::getline(std::istringstream(request_), header);
            logger_->d("[http:client]  [request:%i] send: %s", id_, header.c_str());
        }
        // write the request to buffer
        std::ostream request_stream(&conn_->input());
        request_stream << request_;
    
        // send the request
        notify_state_change(State::SENDING);
        conn_->async_write(std::bind(&Request::handle_request, this, std::placeholders::_1));
    }
    
    void
    Request::terminate(const asio::error_code& ec)
    {
        if (finishing_.load())
            return;
    
        if (ec != asio::error::eof and ec != asio::error::operation_aborted and logger_)
            logger_->e("[http:client]  [request:%i] end with error: %s", id_, ec.message().c_str());
    
        finishing_.store(true);
    
        // set response outcome, ignore end of file and abort
        if (!ec or ec == asio::error::eof or ec == asio::error::operation_aborted)
            response_.status_code = 200;
        else
            response_.status_code = 0;
    
        if (logger_)
            logger_->d("[http:client]  [request:%i] done", id_);
        notify_state_change(State::DONE);
    }
    
    void
    Request::handle_request(const asio::error_code& ec)
    {
        if (ec and ec != asio::error::eof){
            terminate(ec);
            return;
        }
        if (!conn_->is_open()){
            terminate(asio::error::not_connected);
            return;
        }
        if (logger_)
            logger_->d("[http:client]  [request:%i] send success", id_);
        // read response
        notify_state_change(State::RECEIVING);
        conn_->async_read_until(HTTP_HEADER_DELIM, std::bind(&Request::handle_response_header,
                                                             this, std::placeholders::_1));
    }
    
    void
    Request::handle_response_header(const asio::error_code& ec)
    {
        if (ec && ec != asio::error::eof){
            terminate(ec);
            return;
        }
        if (!conn_->is_open()){
            terminate(asio::error::not_connected);
            return;
        }
        if (logger_)
            logger_->d("[http:client]  [request:%i] response headers received", id_);
        // read the header
        std::string header;
        std::string headers;
        std::istream is(&conn_->data());
        while (std::getline(is, header) && header != "\r"){
            headers.append(header + "\n");
        }
        headers.append("\n");
        parse_request(headers);
    
        if (headers_[restinio::http_field_t::expect] == "100-continue" and response_.status_code != 200){
            notify_state_change(State::SENDING);
            request_.append(body_);
            std::ostream request_stream(&conn_->input());
            request_stream << body_ << "\r\n";
            conn_->async_write(std::bind(&Request::handle_request, this, std::placeholders::_1));
            return;
        }
    
        // has content-length
        auto content_length_it = response_.headers.find(HTTP_HEADER_CONTENT_LENGTH);
        if (content_length_it != response_.headers.end())
        {
            std::getline(is, response_.body);
            unsigned int content_length = atoi(content_length_it->second.c_str());
            // full body already in the header
            if (response_.body.size() + 1 == content_length) {
                response_.body.append("\n");
                parse_request(response_.body);
                if (message_complete_.load())
                    terminate(asio::error::eof);
            }
            else { // more chunks to come (don't add the missing \n from std::getline)
                conn_->async_read(content_length - response_.body.size(),
                    std::bind(&Request::handle_response_body, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
            }
        }
        // server wants to keep sending or we have content-length defined
        else if (response_.headers[HTTP_HEADER_CONNECTION] == HTTP_HEADER_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE)
        {
            conn_->async_read_until(JSON_VALUE_DELIM,
                std::bind(&Request::handle_response_body, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
        }
        else if (connection_type_ == restinio::http_connection_header_t::close)
            terminate(asio::error::eof);
    }
    
    void
    Request::handle_response_body(const asio::error_code& ec, const size_t bytes)
    {
        if (ec && ec != asio::error::eof){
            terminate(ec);
            return;
        }
        if (!conn_->is_open()){
            terminate(asio::error::not_connected);
            return;
        }
        if (logger_)
            logger_->d("[http:client]  [request:%i] response body: %i bytes received", id_, bytes);
    
        if (bytes == 0){
            terminate(asio::error::eof);
            return;
        }
    
        unsigned int content_length;
        auto content_length_it = response_.headers.find(HTTP_HEADER_CONTENT_LENGTH);
    
        // read the content-length body
        if (content_length_it != response_.headers.end() and !response_.body.empty()){
            response_.body.append(conn_->read_bytes(bytes));
            // extract the content-length
            content_length = atoi(content_length_it->second.c_str());
            // check if fully parsed
            if (response_.body.size() == content_length)
                parse_request(response_.body);
        }
        // read and parse the chunked encoding fragment
        else {
            auto body = conn_->read_until(JSON_VALUE_DELIM[0]) + '\n';
            response_.body = body;
            parse_request(body);
        }
    
        // should be executed after each parse_request who can trigger http_parser on_message_complete
        if (message_complete_.load()){
            terminate(asio::error::eof);
        }
        // has content-length
        else if (content_length_it != response_.headers.end() and response_.body.size() != content_length)
            conn_->async_read(content_length - response_.body.size(),
                std::bind(&Request::handle_response_body, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
        // server wants to keep sending
        else if (response_.headers[HTTP_HEADER_CONNECTION] == HTTP_HEADER_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE){
            conn_->async_read_until(JSON_VALUE_DELIM,
                std::bind(&Request::handle_response_body, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
        }
        else if (connection_type_ == restinio::http_connection_header_t::close)
            terminate(asio::error::eof);
    }
    
    size_t
    Request::parse_request(const std::string& request)
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cbs_mutex_);
        return http_parser_execute(parser_.get(), parser_s_.get(), request.c_str(), request.size());
    }
    
    } // namespace http
    } // namespace dht